Unlock the Secrets: How to Test Electric Power Steering Pump with Ease

Maintaining a healthy power steering system is crucial for effortless and precise vehicle handling. Electric power steering (EPS) pumps play a vital role in modern vehicles, providing assistance to the steering wheel. However, like any other automotive component, EPS pumps can encounter issues over time, affecting steering performance. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the steps on how to test electric power steering pumps, enabling you to diagnose and address potential problems effectively.

Symptoms of a Faulty Electric Power Steering Pump

Before delving into the testing process, it’s essential to recognize the telltale signs of a faulty EPS pump:

• Stiff or heavy steering: A noticeable increase in steering effort, making it difficult to turn the wheel.
• Unusual noises: Grinding, squealing, or whining sounds coming from the steering column area.
• Steering wheel vibrations: The steering wheel may tremble or vibrate, especially when turning or driving over rough roads.
• Reduced responsiveness: The steering wheel may feel unresponsive or slow to react to input.
• Warning lights: Some vehicles may display warning lights on the dashboard, indicating a power steering system malfunction.

Tools and Equipment Required

To test an electric power steering pump, you will need the following tools and equipment:

• Multimeter
• Voltage tester
• Scan tool (optional)
• Socket wrench set
• Screwdriver set
• Gloves

Safety Precautions

Before commencing any testing, ensure the following safety precautions are observed:

• Wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves.
• Disconnect the negative battery terminal to prevent electrical accidents.
• Allow the engine to cool down before working on it.
• Park the vehicle on a level and stable surface.

Step-by-Step Testing Procedure

1. Visual Inspection:

Thoroughly inspect the EPS pump for any visible damage, leaks, or loose connections. Check the wiring harness for any frayed or broken wires.

2. Electrical Testing:

• Voltage Test: Use a voltage tester to check the voltage supply to the EPS pump. It should be within the manufacturer’s specifications, typically around 12 volts.
• Resistance Test: Disconnect the EPS pump connector and use a multimeter to measure the resistance between the power and ground terminals. It should be within the specified range, usually between 5 and 10 ohms.

3. Pressure Test:

• Pump Output Pressure: Connect a pressure gauge to the EPS pump outlet line. Start the engine and measure the output pressure. It should be within the manufacturer’s specifications, typically between 500 and 1500 psi.
• System Pressure: Connect the pressure gauge to the steering rack or other system component. Measure the system pressure with the engine running. It should be within the specified range, usually between 800 and 1200 psi.

4. Flow Test:

• Pump Flow Rate: Use a flow meter to measure the flow rate of the EPS pump. It should be within the manufacturer’s specifications, typically between 2 and 4 gallons per minute.

5. Diagnostic Scan:

If you have access to a scan tool, connect it to the vehicle’s diagnostic port. Retrieve any fault codes related to the power steering system.

6. Troubleshooting:

Based on the test results, troubleshoot the EPS pump accordingly:

• Electrical issues: Repair or replace faulty wiring, connectors, or the EPS pump itself.
• Mechanical issues: Replace the EPS pump or any damaged components within the steering system.
• Software issues: Update the vehicle’s software if necessary.

Resetting the Electric Power Steering Pump

After repairing or replacing the EPS pump, it may need to be reset. The reset procedure varies depending on the vehicle model. Refer to the manufacturer’s service manual for specific instructions.

Final Note: Ensuring Optimal Steering Performance

Regular testing and maintenance of the electric power steering pump is crucial for a safe and enjoyable driving experience. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can effectively diagnose and address EPS pump issues, ensuring smooth and effortless steering performance. Remember, a properly functioning EPS pump contributes to improved handling, enhanced responsiveness, and increased driving comfort.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Can I test an electric power steering pump at home?
A: Yes, you can perform basic electrical and visual tests at home with the necessary tools. However, for advanced diagnostics and repairs, it’s recommended to consult a qualified mechanic.

Q: How often should I test my electric power steering pump?
A: Regular testing is not typically necessary unless you experience steering problems. However, it’s a good idea to have the EPS pump inspected during routine vehicle maintenance.

Q: What are the signs of a failing electric power steering pump?
A: Symptoms of a failing EPS pump include stiff steering, unusual noises, steering wheel vibrations, reduced responsiveness, and warning lights on the dashboard.

Q: Can I replace an electric power steering pump myself?
A: Replacing an EPS pump requires specialized knowledge and tools. It’s highly recommended to leave this task to a certified mechanic.

Q: How much does it cost to replace an electric power steering pump?
A: The cost of replacing an EPS pump varies depending on the vehicle model and labor rates. Expect to pay between $500 and $1,500, including parts and labor.